The Epic Poem Beowulf - 3137 Words

11 Given, the current high profile debate with regard to dating the epic poem Beowulf, it is quite surprising that some scholars go as far as placing it during the Vendel era around 550 - 793 CE. Eventhough it is considered as a kind of folk tale, many are those who believe it happened towards the early Vendel era. As a rebuttal to this point, it might be?convincingly argued?that this period is also referred to as the Germanic Iron Age. Moreover, this era saw the rise of Norse mythology, which is very fatalistic in nature; it focuses on a world coming to an end in a great cataclysm. Along with this fatalism comes the willingness to die. That?s why warriors would go to fight in battles and combats. Surprisingly enough, not only the heroes†¦show more content†¦The Mead-Hall is also a place where Hrothgar rewarded his followers for their loyalty. Evidence for in support of this opinion, can be found in the plot of the poem which concerns its hero Beowulf who managed to defeat Grendel and later on his mother who wanted to avenge her son?s death. Upon this victory, there was a big fest at Mead-Hall inwhich Beowulf was loaded up with gifts and he achieved full rank hero by being sung in heroic songs by Hrothgar?s bards or scops. Later on, he was to become king of the Geats and has protected his people very well. As he grew older, a dragon is awakened by a theft of a cup from his horde and he began to terrorize Beowulf?s people. So as an old man, Beowulf put his arm one more time, and went on to fight one last battle. In the fight, all his faithful warriors deserted him and ran away except one whose name was Wiglaf who satyed and helped him fight to the end. After a terrific struggle, they killed the dragon, but during the battle Beowulf is mortally wounded and he lived just long enough to see some of the treasures that he had won for his people ran out of the cave before he died. The poem ends with the Geats building a a huge burial mount for Beowulf, and with the gloomy predictions about wha t would happen to the people; now that Beowulf had gone. A?closer look at the?data?indicates that Beowulf has its origins in an earlier pagan era. As it has been suggested by many scholars, the author of the written

P2P Lending in Singapore - 13536 Words

Abstract This study focuses on demand of P2P market among SMEs and consumer market. The researcher has developed a framework based on how peer to peer lending platforms are important for SME’s and what are the governmental regulations to promote online lending platforms, how SMEs play an important role in the development of economy, how important is the peer to peer platform to them and the future position of peer to peer market in Singapore. The focal point lies on the demand of peer to peer lending platforms among small and medium enterprises and consumer market. The study illustrates a high demand of peer to peer lending among small and medium enterprises regardless of less security of investment. This study also includes risk and†¦show more content†¦According to forbes.com, Peer to peer accounts up to 90% of capital deployed in financial industry. Presence of Peer to peer lending is now an alternate financing platform to investors and companies without going through tradi tional methods of approaching banks or financial institutions due to fact that they offer higher returns. For Singapore, peer to peer lending is still considered as a new and developing sector. Singapore economy mainly consists of Small and Medium Sized Enterprises (SME), whereby most new start-up SMEs face problems in getting loan from bank or financial institutions due to lack of goodwill. This means, peer to peer lending in Singapore bridges the SMEs gap of getting loans for business development. This research mainly focuses on the future of Peer to peer lending in Singapore that is useful to have a practical insight of Peer to peer lending and its implications in Singapore. Peer to peer lending took a huge lead in financial industry during last few years and their accelerating presence holds a deep impact on financial sectors. Peer to peer lending is growing rapidly in terms of its service and also in other financial areas to surpass normal banking services. With the known popularity of peer to peer lending, it has definitely bridged the gap in financial industry by allowing investors directly lend money via online platformShow MoreRelatedBank of America Mobile Banking2473 Words   |  10 Pagesabroad. In 2012 they situation in the banking industry has improved. Bank of America By 2009, BofAs businesses included retail banking (i.e., deposits, debit and credit cards, mortgage loans), global wealth management, middle market lending, large corporate lending, global treasury services, and investment banking. By December 2009, BofAs markets covered 82% of the U.S. population, and the bank served over 53 million customers and small businesses. 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Institutional Affiliation Friends Whereby â€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Institutional Affiliation Friends Whereby? Answer: Introducation The case between Saurav and Rahul is about two friends whereby Mr. Saurav intends to buy a plane from Mr. Rahul. Rahul agreed to sell the plane to Saurav so that he may purchase a newer one. Saurav promised to pay for the plane after ten days. Because of the surety from Saurav, Rahul acquired a high interest loan and purchased the new plane. However, before the end of the ten days, Saurav pulled out of the agreement citing he has been advised by his tax accountant not to buy the plane as he is over committed on other commercial deals. Therefore, this paper examines the legal rights of Saurav in this case. Referring to the case scenario between Saurav and Rahul, it is evident that there was an oral contract. It is because Rahul provided an offer that Saurav accepted, meaning that he had an intention to buy the plane and agreed to it when he made a promise to perform his obligation within ten days. When a party failed to perform his obligation as per the contract, then he breaches the contract (Ganglmair, 2017). Breach of contract is a term that is used to describe a non-performance party in a contract. In this case, when Saurav agreed to the terms of the contract, but withdrew from it before performing his obligation, it can be said that he breached the contract between him and Rahul. Moreover, a valid contract must contain the element of consideration exchange in the agreement. Consideration may be money or something valuable (Walkley, 2016). It can also include interest, a right, or benefit. The parties involved must benefit in one way or the other. In this case Saurav was to get the plane while in return Rahul was to get money. Moreover, for Saurav to withdraw from the agreement he needs to know that Rahul has legal rights to performance, right to damages, and fundamental breach among others. Under specific performance, Rahul can sue him by failing to perform his obligation as per the agreement (Atwell, 2015). It means that if the parties agreed to the terms as to performance of a contract, the court can enforce the said obligations as provided under commercial law. Rahul can also claim for damages he incurred due to the agreement he entered into with Saurav. The compensation for such damages is supposed to take him back into the position he was in if he could have not entered into the contract. Other than that, Rahul still has the right under fundamental breach. Due to the situation the breach put him into, he can say that the breach substantially deprive him what he expected under the contract (Ganglmair, 2017). Therefore, for Saurav to be excused from the liabilities, he must prove that the breach was no t foreseeable. The Case between a Guarantor and Australian Bank For many years there has been an increment litigation concerning the enforcement of the commercial guaranties by lenders. Due to the increase in defaulting by borrowers on their loan obligations, banks in many cases have taken action against guarantors for them to recover damages arising from the borrowers default. Here is the case where an Australian bank is facing the same scenario. The case involves a mother who guaranteed her sons loan business loan from the bank using her home. She signed the guarantors agreement based on the trust she has on her son. Being that she was not conversant with English, the bank advised her to seek an independent legal advice before an experienced, certified interpreter before signing any document that guarantees business loan to her son. In less than two years later, Mings business faced problems from a significant legal ruling that made his business to face insolvency. Counter Argument In the case Blest v. Brown (1862) case, Lord Westbury said that surety must always be collected in whatever manner a surety is bound. The court said that beyond a proper interpretation of the engagement, the guarantor receives no benefit or consideration beyond the proper interpretation. Guarantor is bound to proper effect and meaning of the written agreement that she signed (Australian Competition and Consumer Commission, 2014). But, in case there is any alteration in the written agreement whether it is to the benefits of the guarantor, even if there it is an innocent alteration, the guarantor has the right to say that her obligation is over. It is because the contract no longer fits the conditions of engagement. Other than that, it was stated in a Canadian Imperial Bank of Commerce v. Patel (1990) that a principal debtor clause changes a person who has guaranteed someone else into a full-fledged debtor (Australia Banking, 2016). However, if the guarantor is to treated as the such, she must get notification from the bank stating the renewal agreements and the new terms. In case the bank fails to notify the guarantor about the new developments, she must get relieved from her initial obligations. Remedies In most cases under the principles of Interpretation the guarantees and guarantors are accorded with a contract of adhesive. This means that the documents are prepared by the bank on a standard form. Therefore, the borrower and the guarantor have no part in the agreement negotiation. They are left with no option but to sign if the loan was to be granted. It happens when the guarantor is a family member like in the Mrs. Mings case where she had limited commercial experience. For the sake of accommodation, she willingly signed the guarantee. Because of her lack of knowledge on what she was doing, her favor to her son led her to financial tragedy. Because the guarantor had no control over the situation, it would be advisable that she applies for contra proferentem rule. It is the reasonable and satisfactory means of tackling the situation since the banks that always draft these accords can easily amend their documents to ensure that they do not have any ambiguity. The contra proferentem rule is vital in situations where the construed clause creates limitation of liability (Bishop, Snowling, Thompson, Greenhalgh null, 2016). Where there is only one sensible interpretation, the guarantor should understand should be able to understand. In such cases the contra proferentum rule is not applicable. However, in if there are two or more interpretations available that might be sensible; the guarantor should get construed against the party that prepared it. In the case of Mrs. Ming, the court should have looked for an interpreter who could have interpreted the contents of the documents in Mandarin, Cantonese or Shanghai languages for h er to understand before allowing her sign. The law also states that if there is ambiguity as to the meaning of the clauses that binds the guarantor, there must be a clear interpretation and the resolution made must favor the guarantor. Moreover, under accommodation sureties, the guarantor expects little or no remuneration. Because of assisting others to accomplish their plans without expecting anything in return, the protection is offered. An example of the accommodation sureties application was in the Assurance Co. v. Johns-Manville Canada Inc., (1983). The law has been put in place to protect such guarantors by strictly construing their obligations and reducing to them the consequences terms of the contract of surety (Australian Competition and Consumer Commission, 2014). Moreover, the guarantor who has right of material alteration by virtue of principle debtor clause, may waive these rights by the terms of the contract. Possibilities of the Bank Making a Crime There are various possibilities of the bank making a crime. Firstly, if the bank intends to change the obligations of the principal debtor and make the guarantor the principle debtor, it must notify the respondent. Failure to notify the guarantor about the renewal agreement and the new terms, the bank must release her from the contract (Australia Banking, 2016). In this case, being that the bank wants Mrs. Ming to take the responsibilities of his son without notifying her about the new developments may make the bank lose the case against her. If the bank proceeded to take her home without the renewal agreement then it will be a crime. Additionally, being that there was an ambiguity in the interpretation of the contract; the bank cannot be allowed to take Mrs. Ming home. It is because the law requires that there must be clear interpretation of the clauses that binds the guarantor in the agreement (Bell, 2017). If the bank has not strictly construed the clauses that bind the guarantor, then, holding her responsible will be a breach of commercial law. Further, being that Mrs. Ming intensions was to assist his son acquire the loan without benefiting from the loan; she is also protected under accommodation sureties. Consequently, the bank cannot bank take their property because the law strictly construed her obligations and limited her to precise terms of the contract of surety (Mullen, 2016). Again goes against such laws may land the bank into crime. References Atwell, C. (2015). Cooling off periods in franchise contracts: from consumer protection mechanisms to paternalistic remedies for behavioral biases. Business Politics, 17(4), 697-721. Australia Banking. (2016). Acquisdata Industry SnapShots: Australia Banking, (5104), 1-98. Australian Competition and Consumer Commission. (2014). Travel Law Quarterly, 6(4), 338-339. Bell, L. (2017). Boundary Dispute: The Presumption Against Extraterritoriality as Judicial Nondelegation. Brigham Young University Law Review, 2017(2), 427-485. Bishop, D. M., Snowling, M. J., Thompson, P. A., Greenhalgh, T., null, n. (2016). CATALISE: A Multinational and Multidisciplinary Delphi Consensus Study. Identifying Language Impairments in Children. Ganglmair, B. (2017). Efficient Material Breach of Contract. Journal Of Law, Economics Organization, 33(3), 507-540. Mullen, S. (2016). Damages for Breach of Contract: Quantifying the Lost Consumer Surplus. Oxford Journal Of Legal Studies, 36(1), 83-109. Walkley, P. (2016). What turns buyers off. Money (Australia Edition), (195), 69.

Marketing Mix adjustment strategies

Executive summary This report presents marketing mix that Rose Chocolatier will use in Brazil confectionery market as its target market. The company must use its marketing mix strategy with the price as the determining factor upon which other elements of marketing mix depend.Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on Marketing Mix adjustment strategies specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Rose Chocolatier must recognise that Brazil is an emerging economy with most middle-class consumers; thus, its prices, products, and promotion strategies will appeal to such consumers. The company must also take into account factors related to potential risks and benefits when venturing into foreign markets. This means that all decisions must be of significant consequences as foreign markets are different from domestic markets. Product and target market description Rose Chocolatier has many varieties of dark chocolates made from finest o rganic and natural ingredients. The company has hand-dipped and moulded chocolate that are fresh and flavoured. The company has fresh chocolates daily. Some of the chocolate varieties Rose Chocolatier has include dark chocolate bark, milk chocolate bark, Pecan Toffee, Traditional Caramels, Hazelnut Gianduja, Dark Chocolate Ganache, White Chocolate with Lemon, Dark Chocolate with Scotch, and the Gift Baskets that consist of barks, toffee, peppermint bark, and truffles (Rose Chocolatier, 2012). Rose Chocolatier intends to venture into the international market with Brazil has the target market. Brazil is among the world’s emerging economies and consumptions of luxury products are on the rise. Brazil chocolate market has a wide range of consumers in which consumers below the age of 14 years accounted for 36.8 percent of confectionery consumption during the year 2008. Specifically, this age group accounts for 38.1 percent of the total chocolate consumed in the same period. Still, urban consumers are the highest consumers of chocolate products at 87.6 percent in the year 2008.Advertising Looking for assessment on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Redruello notes â€Å"strong economic growth and increasing prices of export commodities have enhanced Brazilian consumers’ confidence† (Redruello, 2011). Consequently, confectionery industry has grown as demands for high added value luxuries have increased (Redruello, 2011). According to Euromonitor International, the industry experienced a growth of two percent in the retail sector in 2010. In addition, retail sales increased by seven percent from the year 2009 representing a growth of US $ 9.7 billion. Brazil mainly depends on exports to the EU zones. The trends show that the country’s export market is growing. Rose Chocolatier will find it cheap to use Brazilian sugar in its chocolate products than import from Austral ia. Brazil also has high birth rate. This is a factor responsible for the growth of confectionery industry. In 2010, the chocolate industry grew by 17 percent. This occurred due to favourable macroeconomic factors such as increased employment opportunities, growth in the GDP and increased industrial activities. In Brazil, Easter periods are also the best time to increase sales of gift chocolate baskets. In the year 2010, the sales increased by 20 percent compared to the previous year. Still, boxed assortments and gift baskets are the largest and fast moving chocolate products. They accounted for â€Å"36 percent of the year’s sale, representing 30 percent of the total revenue† (Redruello, 2011). Brazil chocolate manufacturers such as Ferrero have established that they can increase their sales by offering varieties. Thus, the company launch many varieties in 2009 such as Ferroro Rondnoir and Ferroro Garden Coco. In addition, there is also the exisiting Ferroro Rocher Li ne (Redruello, 2011). Kraft Foods also launched additional two packs under the popular bonbons of the Sonho de Vala brand. This brand mainly targets children because the product is a folding carton consisting attractive designs of heart shape. The aims of these new brands were to add value to consumers and provide competitive strategies in a market dominated by premium brands. The strategies mainly focused on â€Å"capturing the market share of gift segment and standard boxed assortments† (Redruello, 2011).Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on Marketing Mix adjustment strategies specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More There are also confectionery products that can substitute chocolates. This segment of products also grew considerably. Sugar confectionery also increased by 5 percent in the year 2010. This was due to rising sugar products prices. Caramels, toffees, and nougat also increased their sales volume in t he same period. The industry attributed this to â€Å"rising costs of sugar products and due to the increase of share premium in the leading toffees company, Arcor† (Redruello, 2011). This enhanced strong value growth by 10 percent. Cadbury Adams launched a â€Å"new value-added gum confectionery under its leading brand of Trident in the period of 2009† (Redruello, 2011). Cadbury Adams first launched this product in Brazil in 2009 before taking it to any other country. This shows how Brazil confectionery market is growing rapidly amidst competition. In addition, the company launched other products such as Trident Total. This product aimed at appealing to consumers’ oral health, and it has protein ingredients from milk for replacing lost minerals. Other functional gum products also increased their sales volume by 18 percent. This occurred as a result of activities of Cadbury Adam in their efforts to increase their sales volume in this category. The company manage d five percent growth in value share, in 2010. This is the industry environment that Rose Chocolatier will operate. Product Strategy Rose Chocolatier can establish its brand in Brazilian market. However, it must recognise that it is neither easy nor cheap as it must fight it out with established giants like Cadbury Adam and Kraft Foods. Thus, it must maintain quality. This implies that its chocolate must have consistency both in the target market and Australia. At the same time, the company cannot compromise on the administrative and employees compositions that support its brands. It has to recognise that operating in a new market is difficult than in the home market. The company must also estimate the period it will take to establish itself in Brazil market. Rose Chocolatier has many assortments of dark and milk chocolate products that it can provide in Brazil market. Rose Chocolatier can market assortments of its chocolate and other confectionery products in varied sizes, quality, and in different packages for different consumers. Consumers can buy fresh chocolate products for immediate consumption or takeaway products nicely packaged in Rose Chocolatier branded wrappers. This is an approach Rose Chocolatier can apply to target its potential buyers in Brazil. Products packaging sends a strong message to customers about the company. Thus, Rose Chocolatier must recognise the importance of packaging in Brazilian market where companies launch innovative products every year.Advertising Looking for assessment on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Packaging approach must attract customers within a limited time to enable the company acquire sales volume and market share. Chocolates packaging offers convenience to consumers who want carry their chocolates, give gifts, or take them on their way home or work. Consumers can purchase chocolate products repeatedly due to packaging offered. The company has been working on its packaging so as to fit all weather conditions and delivery periods. However, successful companies have realised the need for innovating their packaging methods over the years so as to appeal to consumers for convenience. Rose Chocolatier must also note that all its chocolates are consistent in all its international outlets. Rose Chocolatier must promise its potential customers that products will maintain their original tastes despite using Brazil sugar or milk. This is necessary in cases where it has to deliver fresh chocolate products on a daily basis. Rose Chocolatier offers convenience by serving customers hi gh-end products in Australia at competitive prices. This must also apply in Brazil where emerging middle-class consumers expect quality products for their spending. This allows Brazilian consumers expect standard products from the company. This is important when dealing with deliveries in hot weather and hand-made chocolate products. It is the relationship that Rose Chocolatier will establish through its products that will ensure its success (Kotler, Wong, Saunders and Armstrong, 2005). Brazil confectionery industry is competitive due to many multinational firms that launch and offer varieties of brands to consumers. In this respect, Rose Chocolatier cannot change its brand, but rather concentrates on delivering quality services in Brazil. This is because changes at the initial stage before studying consumers’ reactions to new brands may not favour it. Consequently, Rose Chocolatier can distinguish itself through delivering quality services and products. Rose Chocolatier must also work towards enriching its online sales systems for capturing the growing market segments that prefer online purchases and payments. Rose Chocolatier must choose its retail outlets in Brazil carefully. It must choose place where its products will appeal to the target consumer segments in high-end, middle-class and lower class consumers (Solomon, 2006). Choosing appropriate retail outlets will ensure that the company’s products reach all segments of the targeted consumers. This strategy allows every segment of the market to feel the presence of Rose Chocolatier in Brazil. Ease of access will create demands in competitive confectionery markets of Brazil. The company has learnt the importance of place and product in Australia. Thus, it must adjust its strategy to fit an emerging economy. Presence of products means ease access to consumers. However, product and its availability must promote Rose Chocolatier international marketing objectives in terms of brand, image, and di stribution. Place strategy must ensure that the approach attract busy consumers, high-end consumer, children and other segment that will result into market share increment. When deciding a place and product strategy, Rose Chocolatier must consider products’ image and prices, and how customer will perceive its products in the chosen locations. Rose Chocolatier has to review Brazil consumer orientations, market changes and competition activities. This implies that the choice of outlets for its products must counteract competitors’ strategies. Outlets should also appeal to consumers and foreign employees alike. Consumers perceive retail outlets different based on factors that influence their purchasing decisions (Solomon, 2006). Pricing Strategy Rose Chocolatier marketing mix strategy should take into account all other marketing mix when deciding on prices. This is because the competitive confectionery industry of Brazil does not favour have any strategy that does not tak e into account products pricing. Likewise, pricing strategies must also consider costs that the company will incur in cases of deliveries and making calls for confirming clients’ orders and satisfaction. Usually, such arrangements have consequences on the price, promotion and products distribution and availability. It is the pricing strategy that must determine all other aspects of the marketing mix. Rose Chocolatier must continue providing competitive prices with competitive products just like in Australia. Thus, marketing mix tends to favour pricing as the determining factor. However, in setting pricing strategy, Rose Chocolatier must remember that pricing alone is not a determining factor for sales volumes and market share. Instead, there are other factors that consumers take into account before making purchases, such as products tastes, quality, and packaging among others (Brassington, and Pettitt, 2005). Rose Chocolatier cannot put its prices higher than those of Austral ia because Brazil is an emerging market consisting mainly of middle-class who still mind their spending habits and may stick to the budget; thus, will tend to avoid expensive luxuries. Rose Chocolatier is selling to all consumers in Australia. The company may target the same segments in Brazil or launch some high-end products for high-end consumers. In this regard, it cannot fail in determining appropriate pricing strategy for emerging economy with a lot fluctuation witnessed during recession. Pricing strategy will appeal to different customers, particularly where the company targets middle-class consumer. Every consumer would like to experience some after-purchase satisfaction with the product. Pricing strategy must also consider other multinational giants like Kraft Foods and Cadbury Adams, and other competitors. Brazil confectionery market is among the competitive in the region. Rose Chocolatier must know that it will not be the only company offering unique products to consumers. Pricing strategy must work for the company in capturing market shares, increasing sales volumes, defeating competitors and appealing to all segments of consumers. Thus, it is a decision the company must implement with utmost care. Rose Chocolatier must also recognise that some consumers are sensitive to high prices and are not likely to purchase their high-end products. This is mainly the lower class. Still, the company must provide varieties for this consumer segment by offering low cost chocolate products and other low cost confectionery items. As most authors put it, it is the pricing strategy that determines all the other Ps of the company marketing mix approaches (Solomon, Marshall and Stuart, 2009). Promotion Strategy The company must include promotional strategy for capturing the market attention in a competitive chocolate industry of Brazil. Rose Chocolatier will depend on promotional strategies for creating its brand images and enhancing awareness about its presence in B razil confectionery market. It must evaluate promotional media available in Brazil that can assist it reach its target market. In this respect, the company must evaluate how it will reach all segments of consumers using the available tools of communications. Messages must also reflect diverse cultural and socioeconomic statuses of different consumers. The company has many options for promoting its brand. These include its Website, advertising, media channels, direct marketing, and engaging in corporate social responsibilities through sponsoring of events (Berry and Wilson, 2001). However, in doing all these, it must consider the available resources for marketing communications for establishing the brand. This may take up to three years. Thus, the parent company must support its operations in Brazil. Rose Chocolatier should engage new social media platform in attracting young consumers. Any communication approach should appeal to the target audience and markets. The communication app roach must bring customers and result into purchases. However, it must improve in cases where its messages do not appeal to target audience. Marketing mix is only effective if it results into increased sales and growth in market shares. There are different marketing communication channels. Rose Chocolatier must ensure that the team implement them in an appropriate manner to reflect what the company stands for in a new market. Thus, there should be no cases of conflicting information, messages, miscommunication, and cultural misrepresentation (Adcock and Halborg, 2004). Marketing Mix adjustment strategies Rose Chocolatier must adjust its marketing mix to fit Brazil chocolate market. These are price, product, and promotion. We note the pricing influence on all other elements of the marketing mix (Palmer, 2004). Thus, Rose Chocolatier can only use price strategy in achieving its marketing objectives. For example, the chocolate industry in Brazil is experiencing price competitions and d iscounts offers on Easter periods. This may aim at attracting a large number of consumers who give gifts during these periods. Rose Chocolatier should align its pricing with packaging, outlet locations, and promotion decisions so as to realise the value in the target market. The competitive confectionery industry will force the company to focus on pricing, promotion and distribution of its chocolate products, particularly during hot weather. Rose Chocolatier decision to use online channels for retailing chocolate means it must recovery such investments. This enables it to cater for online customers. Rose Chocolatier marketing mix will adjust to include all marketing mix when deciding prices. The company cannot use a non-price approach in a new market. Products ingredients, whether imported or local, will also affect the price and availability of products. If the company uses local Brazilian sugar and milk, then its prices should reflect such cases. However, if the company depends on products from Australia, then prices will be slightly higher to reflect importation costs. However, product quality, packaging and availability can only improve for convenience of consumers. Conclusions Recommendations International marketing is increasingly becoming popular among firms. Consequently, they extended their activities outside their home markets. Rose Chocolatier must deal with concerns of marketing entry strategy, improve, or adapt its marketing mix for Brazil market. This must be a crucial decision for the company. The company’s marketing approaches must aim at satisfying the needs of consumers in Brazil market. The emerging market of Brazil still has a lot of gaps that the company can fill; thus Rose Chocolatier must offer products and services that are attractive and competitive than other competitors’ products and services. In this case, marketing mix is the alternative for overcoming such concerns. It must also ensure that its marketing mix strateg ies reflect well its strategic vision of international marketing. It must improve the achievement of both short-term and long-term goals and help drive Rose Chocolatier into the preffered future growth in the global (Johansson, 2009). However, international marketing is a risky business because of different factors like rates, barriers of trade, protectionist tariffs, and different consumer cultures. These are some of the challenges Rose Chocolatier can meet in Brazil confectionery market. Mixture of gains and risks means a planned approach to decision-making concerning global marketing. Rose Chocolatier group should incorporate the global market environment into their strategies. It should assess Brazil chocolate market, consumers’ cultures and consumers’ behaviours, then decide to conduct the business with regard to possible risks and benefits. Reference List Adcock, D and Halborg, A 2004, Marketing Principles and Practice, 4th ed., Prentice Hall, London. Berry, T an d Wilson, D 2001, On Target: The Book on Marketing Plans, Palo Alto Software Inc, Eugene, OR. Brassington, F and Pettitt, S 2005, Essentials of Marketing, Pearson Education Limited, Essex. Johansson, J 2009, Global Marketing: Foreign Entry, Local Marketing, Global Management, 5th ed, McGraw-Hill/Irwin, New York. Kotler, P, Wong, V, Saunders, J and Armstrong, G 2005, Principles of Marketing, 4th ed, Pearson Education Limited, Essex. Palmer, A 2004, Introduction to Marketing, Oxford University Press, Oxford. Redruello, F 2011, Economic growth boosts confectionery in Brazil, , https://blog.euromonitor.com/economic-growth-boosts-confectionery-in-brazil/ Rose Chocolatier 2012, http://rosechocolatier.com/ Solomon, M. (2006). Consumer Behavior. New Jersey: Prentice Hall Europe. Solomon, M., Marshall, G., and Stuart E. (2009). Marketing: Real People, Real Decisions, 1st European Edition. Boston, MA: Pearson Education Ltd. 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Draconian Implies Cruelty

Draconian Implies Cruelty Draconian Implies Cruelty Draconian Implies Cruelty By Maeve Maddox During the recent Congressional gridlock regarding the federal budget, the word draconian has become a common epithet used to preface the words budget cuts, in the way the epithet powerful usually precedes Ways and Means Committee. How appropriate is the use of draconian to describe budget cuts? It depends. Asking the Pentagon to cut some of its $463 billion non-war related expenditures is not the same as cutting off a thiefs hand for stealing. Eliminating programs that are keeping people alive, on the other hand, might appropriately be called draconian. Apart from budget cuts, draconian is often used in contexts in which official procedures are seen as unnecessarily cruel or tyrannical: Over the past week, the unrest in the Middle East deepened, with growing protests in Bahrain and Libya, and more draconian measures by the countries’ leaders to quash the opposition. A new report this week from Human Rights Watch peers into Chinas Draconian and ineffective incarceration of people struggling with drug addiction. We are not going to take the draconian police measures necessary to deport 11 million people. Draconian new measure requires police to arrest anybody who cant prove they are a US citizen. Since 2005, a rather draconian law has been adopted to deal with offenders. Failure to pay a ticket results in the revocation of driving privileges in Quebec. Somali women complain of draconian Sharia restrictions. Draconian [drÄ -kÃ… nÄ“-É™n ] is an eponym, a word derived from a persons name: draconian (or draconic) of, pertaining to, or characteristic of Draco, archon at Athens in 621 B.C., or the severe code of laws said to have been established by him; rigorous, harsh, severe, cruel. OED Although draconian has come to mean unreasonably harsh, Dracos written code in which punishments were spelled out was seen at the time as being more just than arbitrary punishments inflicted by the local authority figure. According to legend, Dracos code prescribed death for most offenses. Plutarch passed along this much-quoted anecdote: It is said that Drakon himself, when asked why he had fixed the punishment of death for most offenses, answered that he considered these lesser crimes to deserve it, and he had no greater punishment for more important ones. I say according to legend because Ive read that in the only fragment of Dracos code that survives, exile (not death) is the punishment for homicide. Dracos name could have something to do with the fact that his code of laws entered Greek memory as being really really cruel: Greek dracon means dragon or serpent. Bottom line: draconian is a strong word that conveys disregard for the humane treatment of others. Its wasted as a mere synonym for extreme. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:7 English Grammar Rules You Should KnowWhat is the Difference Between Metaphor and Simile?Preposition Mistakes #1: Accused and Excited

Race and Ethnicity in Sociology

Race and Ethnicity in Sociology The sociology of race and ethnicity is a large and vibrant subfield within sociology in which researchers and theorists focus on the ways that social, political, and economic relations interact with race and ethnicity in a given society, region, or community. Topics and methods in this subfield are wide-ranging, and the development of the field dates back to the early 20th century. Introduction to the Subfield The sociology of race and ethnicity began to take shape in the late 19th century. The American sociologist W.E.B. Du Bois, who was the first African American to earn a Ph.D. at Harvard, is credited with pioneering the subfield within the United States with his famous and still widely taught books The Souls of Black Folk  and Black Reconstruction. However, the subfield today differs greatly from its early stages. When early American sociologists focused on race and ethnicity, du Bois excepted, they tended to focus on the concepts of integration, acculturation, and assimilation, in keeping with the view of the U.S. as a melting pot into which difference should be absorbed. Concerns during the early 20th century were for teaching those who differed visually, culturally, or linguistically from the white  Anglo-Saxon norms how to think, speak, and act in accordance with them. This approach to studying race and ethnicity framed those who were not white Anglo-Saxon as problems that needed to be solved  and was directed primarily by sociologists who were white men from middle to upper-class families. As more people of color and women became social scientists throughout the twentieth century, they created and developed theoretical perspectives that differed from the normative approach in sociology, and crafted research from different standpoints that shifted the analytic focus from particular populations to social relations and the social system. Today, sociologists within the subfield of race and ethnicity focus on areas including racial and ethnic identities, social relations and interactions within and across racial and ethnic lines, racial and ethnic stratification and segregation, culture and worldview and how these relate to race, and power and inequality relative to majority and minority statuses in society. But, before we learn more about this subfield, its important to have a clear understanding of how sociologists define race and ethnicity. How Sociologists Define Race and Ethnicity Most readers have an understanding of what race is and means in U.S. society. Race refers to how we categorize people by skin color and phenotype- certain physical facial features that are shared to a certain degree by a given group. Common racial categories that most people would recognize in the U.S. include Black, white, Asian, Latino, and American Indian. But the tricky bit is that there is absolutely no biological determinant of race. Instead, sociologists recognize that our idea of race and racial categories are social constructs that are unstable and shifting, and that can be seen to have changed over time in relation to historical and political events. We also recognize race as defined in large part by context. Black means something different in the U.S. versus Brazil versus India, for example, and this difference in meaning manifests in real differences in social experience. Ethnicity is likely a bit more difficult to explain for most people. Unlike race, which is primarily seen and understood on the basis of skin color and phenotype, ethnicity does not necessarily provide visual cues. Instead, it is based on a shared common culture, including elements like language, religion, art, music, and literature,  and norms, customs, practices, and history.  An ethnic group does not exist simply because of the common national or cultural origins of the group, however. They develop because of their unique historical and social experiences, which become the basis for the group’s ethnic identity. For example, prior to immigration to the U.S., Italians did not think of themselves as a distinct group with common interests and experiences. However, the process of immigration and the experiences they faced as a group in their new homeland, including  discrimination, created a new ethnic identity. Within a racial group, there can be several ethnic groups. For example, a white American might identify as part of a variety of ethnic groups including German American, Polish American, and Irish American, among others. Other examples of ethnic groups within the U.S. include and are not limited to Creole, Caribbean Americans, Mexican Americans, and  Arab Americans. Key Concepts and Theories of Race and Ethnicity Early American sociologist W.E.B. du Bois offered one of the most important and lasting theoretical contributions to the sociology of race and ethnicity when he presented the concept of double-consciousness in  The Souls of Black Folk. This concept refers to the way in which people of color in predominantly white societies and spaces and ethnic minorities have the experience of seeing themselves through their own eyes, but also of seeing themselves as other through the eyes of the white majority. This results in a conflicting and often distressing experience of the process of identity formation.Racial formation theory, developed by sociologists Howard Winant and Michael Omi, frames race as an unstable, ever-evolving social construct that is tied to historical and political events. They assert that differing racial projects that seek to define race and racial categories are engaged in constant competition to give the dominant meaning to race. Their theory illuminates how race has be en and continues to be a politically contested social construct, upon which is granted access to rights, resources, and power. The theory of systemic racism, developed by sociologist Joe Feagin, is an important and widely used theory of race and racism that has gained particular traction since the rise of the BlackLivesMatter movement. Feagins theory, rooted in historical documentation, asserts that racism was built into the very foundation of U.S. society and that it now exists within every aspect of society. Connecting economic wealth and impoverishment, politics and disenfranchisement, racism within institutions like schools and media, to racist assumptions and ideas, Feagins theory is a roadmap for understanding the origins of racism in the U.S., how it operates today, and what anti-racist activists can do to combat it.Initially articulated by legal scholar Kimberlà © Williams Crenshaw, the concept of intersectionality would become a cornerstone of the theory of sociologist Patricia Hill Collins, and an important theoretical concept of all sociological approaches to race and ethnicity within the academy today. The concept refers to the necessity of considering the different social categories and forces that race interacts with as people experience the world, including but not limited to gender, economic class, sexuality, culture, ethnicity, and ability. Research Topics Sociologists of race and ethnicity study just about anything one could imagine, but some core topics within the subfield include the following. How race and ethnicity shape the process of identity formation for individuals and communities, like for example the complicated process of creating a racial identity as a mixed-race person.How racism manifests in everyday life and shapes ones life trajectory. For example, how racial biases affect student-teacher interaction from elementary school to university and graduate school, and how skin color affects perceived intelligence.The relationship between race and the police and the criminal justice system, including how race and racism affect policing tactics and arrest rates, sentencing, incarceration rates, and life after parole. In 2014, many sociologists came together to create The Ferguson Syllabus, which is a reading list and teaching tool for understanding the long history and contemporary aspects of these issues.The long history and contemporary problem of residential segregation, and how this affects  everything from family wealth, economic well-being, education, access t o healthy food, and health. Since the 1980s,  whiteness has been an important topic of study within the sociology of race and ethnicity. Up until that point, it was largely neglected academically  because it was simply seen as the norm against which difference was measured. Thanks largely to scholar Peggy McIntosh, who helped people understand the concept of white privilege, what it means to be white, who can be considered white, and how whiteness fits within the social structure is a vibrant topic of study. The sociology of race and ethnicity is a vibrant subfield that hosts a wealth and diversity of research and theory. The  American Sociological Association  even has a webpage devoted to it. Updated  by Nicki Lisa Cole, Ph.D.

The Conflict in Ukraine (2014-ongoing) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The Conflict in Ukraine (2014-ongoing) - Essay Example The Conflict in Ukraine (2014-ongoing) is the greatest example of where the rule of the people cannot be respected by the running government. The government instead goes to the point compelling the people with the leadership they rejected (Lauren, Viola& Kathleen, 2015). Ukraine came back to full-scale war or conflict is very saddening. The fight begun in the 2014 April and has since raged numerous months to the eventual stage when the separatists and the Ukrainian government came to a ceasefire. The ceasefire has been used to prepare and reigniting of the fight mainly entailed capturing of the Donetsk airport that is a strategic symbol and asset from the government forces. The government troops have pulled out of the town that is the key transport hub as a new truce was established on 12 February in attempts to stage mediation process. The war has placed a cost of close to 5600 lives. The violence has placed up debilitating effects to the country as many civilians have been killed by rockets on the rebel side in the cities like Luhansk and Donetsk. Approximately thirty people were killed in the Maripaul, which is a port city under artillery attack. Rebels have since then besieged main roads and rail hub in areas of Debaltseve, which is the region i n which most Ukrainian military troops have their base. The Ukranian problem is equally shared in various other parts of the globe where poor electoral and leadership have resulted in rebels and mass killings. In the past few months thousands of Bangladesh workers died in one of the greatest workplace safety tragedy in ever recorded in memorable history. Nigeria, Iran, Russia and many other countries close to 80 countries have created a discriminatory environment for the LGBT persons. This case has been created by the design of policies and laws that deny the LGBT their human rights and respect to human dignity. The condition has created a

Wisdom and Pain found in Silence from the 1981 film The Chosen Essay

Wisdom and Pain found in Silence from the 1981 film The Chosen - Essay Example The last section of the discussion will be drawn upon from the previous points in amplifying them into an evidential conclusion. It will then explain with reason the different sides of the argument of raising a child in silence. Reb Saunders believed that he should raise Danny how he was raised by his father. His father taught him about the suffering of the Jews, but later taught him only through silence. Through not speaking to him, he was forced to look inside himself and to find his own strength. The idea was that a person learns about the pain of others by suffering their own pain. His father also told him that a tzaddik (a Hasidic leader) must also know how to suffer for his people. When he raised Danny, he wanted to find a way that he could teach his son, who was so brilliant, about pain, so that he would want to take on the sufferings of another. He did this through withdrawing from him, teaching through silence, so that Danny would find answers for himself. However, raising a child in silence creates questions as to the psychological effects it has on the child. Although Danny and Reb Saunders do not talk, Danny does in fact respect his father. Strangely, Danny does not feel as though his father does not love him. Reb Saunders may in fact love Danny, but it is hard to love, or to feel loved by somebody, if there is no communication on a personal level. Being raised in silence was a literary device invented by the writer of the original book and is not a custom of the Hasidism culture. Reb Saunders believed that it's a curse to have a brilliant son. Danny is all mind and no soul, whereas Reb Saunders thinks that what he needed was a son with heart and compassion. It is possible that these beliefs are derived from the memories of his brother, who was similarly endowed with a powerful mind, but was indifferent to the suffering of others. He died during World War II, in a gas chamber in Auschwitz. The fact that Danny does have a brilliant mind just as his fathers brother did, signifies this point. Reb Saunders is simply trying to help Danny become compassionate before his time is up too. In his mind, he is only doing what he thinks is the right thing to do to make Danny ready for the responsibility of tzaddik. In general, raising a child in silence would lead to a compassionate heart for two reasons. It would allow them to expand their mind and make them think about life in a very dissimilar way to a child who isn't raised this way. It would also limit their life experiences in a way which would create borders and boundaries to the relationships they are involved in. However, this method would certainly not be suited to everyone. Each human being is made quite differently, and there would be various different results and consequences, depending on the child involved. Modern society would also see this method as being very unorthodox and threatening to the child's wellbeing and mental growth capabilities. If a child is raised in silence, the child will become more independent, at the cost of a healthy social life. Opening up to people, and talking about problems will be difficult. Also, a child learns much more about how to interact with others by interacting with his or her parents. If a child is not exposed to this because a parent acts only as a teacher, their social interactions

Action Potential Essay Example for Free

Action Potential Essay What opens first in response to a threshold stimulus? Voltage Gated (activation gates) Na+ channels open and Na+ diffuses in the cytoplasm What characterizes depolarization, 1st phase of action potential? Membrane changes from a negative value to a positive value What characterizes repolarization, 2nd phase of action potential? Once the membrane depolarizes to a peak value of 30+, it repolarizes to to its negative resting value of -70 What event triggers the generation of an action potential? The membrane potential must depolarize from the resting voltage of -70 mV to a threshold value of -55 mV. ( This is the minimum value required to open enough voltage-gated Na+ channels so that depolarization is irreversible.) What is the first change to occur in response to a threshold stimulus? Voltage-gated Na+ channels change shape, and their activation gates open Resting State All gated Na+ and K+ channels are closed Step 2 Depolarization; Na+ Channels Open During the depolarization phase of the action potential, open Na+ channels allow Na+ ions to diffuse into the cell. This inward movement of positive charge makes the membrane potential more positive (less negative). The depolarization phase is a positive feedback cycle where open Na+ channels cause depolarization, which in turn causes more voltage-gated Na+ channels to open. Step 3 Repolarization; Na+ channels are inactivating and K+ Channels Open Step 4 Hyperpolarization; Some K+ channels remain open and Na+ channels reset How many gates/states do voltage gated Na+ channels have? two gates and three states Closed Na+ at the resting state, no Na+ enters the cell through them Opened Na+ opened by depolariztion, allowing Na+ to enter the cell Inactivated channels automatically blocked by inactivation gates soon after they open How many gates/states do voltage gated K+ channels have? one gate, two states Closed K+ at the resting state, no K+ leaves Opened K+ at depolarization, after delay, allowing K+ to leave Why is an action potential self-generating? depolarizing currents established by the influx of Na+ flow down the axon and trigger an action potential at the next segment The Na+ diffusing into the axon during the first phase of the action potential creates a depolarizing current that brings the next segment, or node, of the axon to threshold. Why does regeneration of the action potential occur in one direction, rather than in two directions? The inactivation gates of voltage-gated Na+ channels close in the node, or segment, that has just fired an action potential At the peak of the depolarization phase of the action potential, the inactivation gates close. Thus, the voltage-gated Na+ channels become absolutely refractory to another depolarizing stimulus. What changes occur to voltage-gated Na+ and K+ channels at the peak of depolarization? Inactivation gates of voltage-gated Na+ channels close, while activation gates of voltage-gated K+ channels open Closing of voltage-gated channels is time dependent. Typically, the inactivation gates of voltage-gated Na+ channels close about a millisecond after the activation gates open. At the same time, the activation gates of voltage-gated K+ channels open. What marks the end of the depolarization phase? As voltage-gated Na+ channels begin to inactivate, the membrane potential stops becoming more positive This marks the end of the depolarization phase of the action potential. Then, as voltage-gated K+ channels open, K+ ions rush out of the neuron, following their electrochemical gradient. This exit of positively-charged ions causes the interior of the cell to become more negative, repolarizing the membrane. The repolarization phase of the action potential, where voltage becomes more negative after the +30mV peak, is caused primarily by __________. The opening of voltage-gated K+ channels allows K+ ions to exit the cell, repolarizing the membrane. In other words, the exit of K+ ions makes the membrane potential more negative. K+ also exits through leakage channels during this phase because leakage channels are always active. However, most of the membrane permeability to K+ during this phase is due to voltage-gated channels. Voltage-gated K+ channels make the action potential more brief than it would otherwise be if only leakage channels were available to repolarize the membrane. During an action potential, hyperpolarization beyond (more negative to) the resting membrane potential is primarily due to __________. The large number of voltage-gated K+ channels opening during the repolarization phase quickly makes the membrane potential more negative as positively-charged K+ ions leave the cell. K+ ions continue to leave through open channels as the membrane potential passes (becomes more negative than) the resting potential. This hyperpolarization phase of the action potential is therefore due to K+ ions diffusing through voltage-gated K+ channels. The membrane potential remains more negative than the resting potential until voltage-gated K+ channels close. This period of hyperpolarization is important in relieving voltage-gated Na+ channels from inactivation, readying them for another action potential. During the hyperpolarization phase of the action potential, when the membrane potential is more negative than the resting membrane potential, what happens to voltage-gated ion channels? Voltage-gated K+ channels are opened by depolarization. This means that as the membrane potential repolarizes and then hyperpolarizes, these K+ channels close. With the closing of voltage-gated K+ channels, the membrane potential returns to the resting membrane potential via leakage channel activity. Resetting voltage-gated Na+ channels to the closed (but not inactivated) state prepares them for the next action potential. During the hyperpolarization phase of the action potential, voltage eventually returns to the resting membrane potential. What processes are primarily responsible for this return to the resting membrane potential? Voltage-gated K+ channels close. K+ and Na+ diffuse through leakage channels.

Essay --

Lauren Hurst Professor Larson BIBL 105 – Introduction to Bible Study 19 December 2013 1 Timothy 2:8-15 â€Å"In every place of worship, I want men to pray with holy hands lifted up to God, free from anger and controversy. And I want women to be modest in their appearance. They should wear decent and appropriate clothing and not draw attention to themselves by the way they fix their hair or by wearing gold or pearls or expensive clothes. For women who claim to be devoted to God should make themselves attractive by the good things they do. Women should learn quietly and submissively. I do not let women teach men or have authority over them. Let them listen quietly. For God made Adam first, and afterward he made Eve. And it was not Adam who was deceived by Satan. The woman was deceived and sin was the result. But women will be saved through childbearing assuming they continue to live in faith, love, holiness, and modesty.† Introduction â€Å"Men wanted for hazardous journey, small wages, bitter cold, long months of complete darkness, constant danger, safe return doubtful. Honor and recognition in case of success.† That advertisement appeared in a London newspaper and thousands of men responded! It was signed by the noted Antarctic explorer, Sir Ernest Shackleton, and that was what made the difference. If Jesus Christ had advertised for workers, the announcement might have read something like this: â€Å"Men and women wanted for difficult task of helping to build My church. You will often be misunderstood, even by those working with you. You will face constant attacks from an invisible enemy. You may not see the results of your labor, and your full reward will not come till after all your work is completed. It may cost you your ho... ...o explain how a local church should be managed, and to enforce his own authority as a servant of God. In 1 Timothy 2:8-15 Paul encourage Timothy to confront the false teachers who had infiltrated the church at Ephesus. In context, Paul is dealing with false deceived teachers who are teaching false doctrine (1 Tim. 1:3, 7). Prior to 1 Timothy 2: 9-15, Paul gives instructions to Timothy regarding how the men and women who claim godliness should conduct themselves in the church while they are in the midst of the false teachers (1 Tim. 2:1- 10). Paul writes 1 Timothy with instruction to Timothy, a young man who responded to Christ’s call to help build His church. Timothy was one of the apostle Paul’s special assistants. 1 Timothy, one of three pastoral letters, is instructing Timothy how to lead and instruct the church in the city of Ephesus.

Popular culture Essay

Reg Mombassa and Keith Haring are two well-known artists who both represent the pop-art movement. Keith Haring began producing art in New York in 1980 by drawing on subway advertising boards. He felt that this was a good way for him to be able to express his work to the public. New Zealand born Chris O’Doherty has been producing pop-art under the name of Reg Mombassa since about 1980. His earliest works became famous on the t-shirts of a well known Australian surf brand, Mambo. Haring’s â€Å"Best Buddies†, produced in 1990, is very simple, two-dimensional and brightly coloured. Made from a silkscreen print, its simplicity is intended to attract attention and instantly convey the message that friendship is good. The figures have no obvious sex or race, which puts forward the message that friendship is for anyone and everyone. In contrast, Mombassa’s interpretation of the biblical scene of â€Å"The Temptation† is highly detailed with strong colours, and conveys many complex messages. The most obvious message is that of today’s temptation of material objects, represented by the toaster, and the violence and crime for solving society’s problems, which is represented by the gun. This ‘Garden of Eden’ is set in Australia’s outback, showing that Mombassa’s main influence is Australian society. Each artwork is conveying its own strong social comment, and presenting it in different ways. Haring has used bright, bold colours and dark lines to put forward the message of the vitality of friendship, through two unidentifiable abstract figures. This means that Haring has left the responder to decide what race and sex the figures are, reinforcing the point that these factors are not important when choosing your friends. This is in comparison with Mombassa’s detailed image of a well known biblical scene, using strong colours and a slightly more realistic overall picture. The simplicity of Haring’s artwork conveys the social message instantly,  where as Mombassa’s artwork requires the responder to study and analyse the detail and hidden messages behind the image. Haring created his simple artwork for the fast-paced lifestyle for the general public in the city New York. The image is easy and quick to absorb and therefore is more greatly appreciated by the busy day-to-day viewers. The more leisurely lifestyle of Australia in the nineties was able to take time to appreciate the complexity of Mombassa’s detailed artwork. Due to this, it was easier for the public to deconstruct the many messages hidden throughout the artwork. Both artists have been able to reach the masses through t-shirts and other publicly exposed works and have become well accepted by the general public. Their work has served to influence many people with the message that they portray and have become part of every day life. Their art has been worn on t-shirts by people all over the world for decades.

Gender roles in Sitcoms Essay

â€Å"Gender is the crucial factor in characterization in the majority of sitcoms. Up until the impact of feminism in the 1970s, in the UK at least, it is clear that most of the successful sitcoms featured leading male characters (Hancock, Steptoe, Dad’s Army, Till Death Do Us Part, Porridge etc.). Women were more likely to feature in ‘ensemble casts’ – The Rag Trade, Are You Being Served? This was also a function of the employment opportunities for women. Since the 1970s, women in leading roles have been more common (but the most successful comedies have tended to be based on couples rather than single women).† (Roy Stafford, TV Sitcoms and Gender, ONLINE) Based on television analysis it is very simple to notice what it means to be a mother, from the television’s perspective: to be a mother means to cook when your husband is hungry, to clean the house when necessary, to take care of the children etc. To be a father means to work and to come home expecting a cooked meal for whenever you are hungry, to make the tough decisions and to be the dominate figure in the household. Television is saying a lot about the roles of male and female couples. In what concerns the female types in sitcoms, Roy Stafford suggested a specific classification, across comedy and drama since the 1950s: †¢ Matron/Working Battleaxes †¢ Sexy assistant †¢ Business matriarch †¢ Woman in a Man’s World †¢ The Vamp (1980s) †¢ Woman in Power †¢ Women who fight other women †¢ Woman who watches her ‘biological clock’ For my paper I chose to talk about three different sitcoms, namely: Bewitched (1964 –1972), The Nanny (1993–1999) and Cougar Town (2009). Bewitched (1964–1972) â€Å"A young-looking witch named Samantha meets and marries a mortal named Darrin Stephens. While Samantha pledges to forsake her powers and become a typical suburban housewife, her magical family disapproves of the mixed marriage and frequently interferes in the couple’s lives. Episodes often begin with Darrin becoming the victim of a spell, the effects of which wreak havoc with mortals such as his boss, clients, parents, and neighbors. By the epilogue, however, Darrin and Samantha most often embrace, having overcome the devious elements that failed to separate them. The witches, most having names ending with the soft â€Å"-a† sound, and their male counterparts, known as â€Å"warlocks†, are very long-lived; while Samantha appears to be in her twenties, many episodes suggest she is actually hundreds of years old. To keep their society secret, witches avoid showing their powers in front of mortals other than Darrin. Nevertheless, the perplexing inexplicable effects of their spells and Samantha’s attempts to hide their supernatural origin from mortals drive the plot of most episodes. Witches and warlocks usually use physical gestures along with their magical spells, and sometimes spoken incantations. Most notably, Samantha often twitches her nose to perform a spell. Modest but effective special visual effects are accompanied by music to highlight the magic.† (Wikipedia, Bewitched, ONLINE) â€Å"Bewitched† is one of the many examples were the father goes out to work and the mother stays at home, cleaning, cooking, taking care of the children. Samantha attempts to denounce or leave her witch world behind because she is now married to Darrin, a mere mortal, for whom she would do anything. She is a home-loving wife who does everything to support her husband by promising to leave her magical powers at the door in order to try to live a normal life as a housewife. The Nanny (1993–1999) †Jewish-American Fran Fine, fresh out of her job as a bridal consultant in her fiance’s shop, first appears on the door step of Broadway producer Maxwell Sheffield (Charles Shaughnessy) peddling cosmetics, and quickly stumbles upon the opportunity to become the nanny for his three children. Soon Fran, with her off-beat nurturing and no-nonsense honesty, touches the whole family as she gives the prim-and-proper Maxwell and his children a dose of ‘Queens logic,’ helping them to become a healthy, happy family, a family that she later fully joins when she becomes engaged and then married to Maxwell. She then adds to this family of five when she and Maxwell have fraternal twins. Other characters include sardonic butler Niles (Daniel Davis), and Maxwell’s socialite business partner C.C. Babcock (Lauren Lane), who views Fran with jealousy and skepticism.† (Wikipedia, The Nanny, ONLINE) †The Nanny† † is no longer the type of sitcom where the wife stays at home and just her husband goes to work. Compared with †Bewitched†, this sitcom is more modern and more different in what concerns the gender roles. Fran Fine is no longer just a home-loving wife who does everything to support her husband, but she exposes her point of view and most often she dose so as everyone to do as she wants to. She has a stronger character and is more independent comparing with Samantha. Cougar Town (2009) †Jules Cobb – a recently divorced single mother exploring the truths about dating and aging. Jules spent most of her 20s and 30s married to Bobby and raising a son, Travis. She tried to relive her 20s and make up for lost time by dating younger men, but has since come to terms with the limitations of her age and has had relationships with men her age. She resides in a small town in Florida and is a real estate agent who is successful in business. Because she has been out of the dating world for a while, Jules discovers it is difficult to find love again.[10] A close-up of her driver’s license in a season 2 episode reveals her full first name to be Julia and her birth date to be November 15, 1968 (age 43).† (Wikipedia, Cougar Town, ONLINE) †Cougar Town† is a modern sitcom with modern elements, modern characters and modern women. The home-loving wife, the devoted mother to the family, the wife that does everything for her husband and for supporting him, the wife that just stays home and takes care of the children, cleans the house, cooks, is no longer the type of the female character used in this sitcom. Here, Jules is a modern woman that decides to find some excitement in her dating life. She is divorced and is more concerned with her ​​looks than her family. Jules is working, is going out with her friend, dates younger boys, wants to have a perfect body so she can hide her real age†¦so, she is a modern woman with modern desires. Television is a powerful influence in determining the roles of men and women in society. Young people are especially influencd by its portrayal of gender roles. †Throughout the history of television, the role of the housewife and mother has changed from a subservient woman to the more controlling, powerful, and dominant female portrayed in today’s culture. In early television, the 1950’s and 1960’s, the housewife or mother was always seen as submissive towards the more assertive father or husband. In Common Culture, Harry Waters explains in his article, â€Å"Life According to TV,† that males often got a deviation of roles, and females were usually playing the part of a mother, wife, or girlfriend. (Waters 167) As time progressed, that role was changed to a more authoritative and domineering woman who controlled a somewhat of a bumbling idiot of a husband.† (Example Essays, Roles Of Women In Television, ONLINE) There are no limits to what the genders can do. Now days you find most women out in all of the workplaces which were once deemed male oriented. And you find men staying home and raising families, doing the job that once only women did. †The idea of feminity has evolved over time just as women’s roles in the media have. Women on television in the past had very few roles but the main one was to be the wonderful mother of the wholesome family program. [†¦] In today’s society women are not expected to stay home and live off their husbands, women are not even expected to get married or to have children if they so choose. Women’s roles on television have changed from the housewife to the working woman. Yet the woman’s role is still usually a support of the leading character who happens to be a male.†

Free Essays on Islam Jibreel Hadith

Man has contemplated the idea of faith through out human history. From the moment he realised his existence he began to question, who are we? What are we? where are we going in this vast ocean of obscurity?. It is only through a select group of people where we can receive these answers of infallible truth. People who have chosen to accept greatness and people who have had greatness thrust upon them. To further understand the motives of such people we must further understand the definition of faith from hemisphere to hemisphere. According to Collins English Dictionary faith from a purely contemporary Western point of view â€Å"Faith: n. which describes a strong or unshakeable belief in something, esp. without proof or evidence, 2.a specific system of religious beliefs, 3. In Christianity, a trust in God and in his actions and promises, 4. A conviction of the truth of certain doctrines of religion, esp. when it is not based on reason, 5. Complete confidence or trust in a person, remedy etc. 6. Any set of firmly held principles or beliefs. 7. Allegiance or loyalty, as to a person or cause. From the Anglo-English word â€Å"feid† which means indeed or really or Latin â€Å"Fides† which means trust or confidence. † To explain faith from an Islamic point of view through a simple definition as listed above will not do the complex concept justice, In Islam faith takes on many shapes, forms, colours and manifestations. It is a blend of harmony and balance that can only be explained from a divine dialogue between the final Messenger of Allah, The Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) and the Arch Angel Jibreel, the following hadith has been narrated by Hadrat Umar (RA) and compiled by Imam Sharaf al-Din Yahya and Ibn Sharaf al-Nawawi. â€Å"It was related on the authority of Umar (RA), who said: One day, as we were sitting with the Messenger of Allah, there came upon us a man in very white clothes and intensely black hair. No sign of journey was... Free Essays on Islam Jibreel Hadith Free Essays on Islam Jibreel Hadith/ Man has contemplated the idea of faith through out human history. From the moment he realised his existence he began to question, who are we? What are we? where are we going in this vast ocean of obscurity?. It is only through a select group of people where we can receive these answers of infallible truth. People who have chosen to accept greatness and people who have had greatness thrust upon them. To further understand the motives of such people we must further understand the definition of faith from hemisphere to hemisphere. According to Collins English Dictionary faith from a purely contemporary Western point of view â€Å"Faith: n. which describes a strong or unshakeable belief in something, esp. without proof or evidence, 2.a specific system of religious beliefs, 3. In Christianity, a trust in God and in his actions and promises, 4. A conviction of the truth of certain doctrines of religion, esp. when it is not based on reason, 5. Complete confidence or trust in a person, remedy etc. 6. Any set of firmly held principles or beliefs. 7. Allegiance or loyalty, as to a person or cause. From the Anglo-English word â€Å"feid† which means indeed or really or Latin â€Å"Fides† which means trust or confidence. † To explain faith from an Islamic point of view through a simple definition as listed above will not do the complex concept justice, In Islam faith takes on many shapes, forms, colours and manifestations. It is a blend of harmony and balance that can only be explained from a divine dialogue between the final Messenger of Allah, The Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) and the Arch Angel Jibreel, the following hadith has been narrated by Hadrat Umar (RA) and compiled by Imam Sharaf al-Din Yahya and Ibn Sharaf al-Nawawi. â€Å"It was related on the authority of Umar (RA), who said: One day, as we were sitting with the Messenger of Allah, there came upon us a man in very white clothes and intensely black hair. No sign of journey was...

4 Tips for Landing a Pharmacy Technician Job

4 Tips for Landing a Pharmacy Technician Job The job hunting experts over at CareerStep.com have four basic tips for aspiring pharmacy technicians that should help you prepare for your ideal career, whether you’re finding your first job or preparing for a career change. Complete an externshipBuild your network and your resume and gain practical experience by completing a pharmacy externship or internship at a hospital or pharmacy. Some companies allow you to shadow experienced technicians to learn on-the-job skills; other online schools feature externships as a routine part of the course. Do your research and find out if there are opportunities available for you.NetworkThis is always included so casually in lists of job hunting tips as though it’s not the most intimidating  part of the whole process. So start small- develop an elevator pitch to use on friends and family who ask what you’re up to or what kinds of jobs you’ll be looking for when you graduate. Don’t stammer and change the subje ct- be ready to talk about the kind of pharmacy (hospital, retail, private, institutional) you’re hoping to work in. You never know when someone will know someone who will know someone who can give you an inside track.Then build on your newfound poise to talk to classmates, colleagues at your internship/externship, career center resources, and even LinkedIn contacts. Go to a mixer occasionally, and make contact/business cards to help people keep you in mind.Rework your resumeI say this all the time, but I really do have 6 different working versions of my resume, and it’s served me well. If you’re not sure what kind of pharmacy you want to work in, develop one for each track. Talk to your instructors about the demands of each particular setting.Retail experience should be showcased for retail pharmacies, obviously, but think about what a hospital most needs from its pharmacists: responsibility? professionalism in stressful situations? attention to detail? What ab out an institution like a residential or correctional facility? Polish the content for each prospective audience. Then take a look at the physical layout. Is it crowded? easy to read? concise? Do you have relevant accomplishments highlighted?Advertise onlineThe hard thing to balance about online presence is the mix of being â€Å"present† and being â€Å"professional.† Make sure your newly perfected resume is available on industry sites recommended by your career center counselors or professors. Check the privacy settings on all your social media, and strive to be the kind of pharmacy tech you would want to have handling your prescription in all your interactions online!

Working break down structure Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Working break down structure - Essay Example (Brotherton, F &N, 2008). For instance range estimates from WBS package method may be used for element 1.2.2, where time estimate are located. In case this element begins on a holiday or weekend when suppliers have closed, the idle period may be inserted in the critical path. The elements of WBS helps in identifying resources needed for each element. In this case, the resources required are human resources, equipment resources, materials, and space. A WBS helps to allocate cost to specific work package, for example, labor, materials, equipment, and so on. In this case, 1.3.1 parts prepared will be allocated more costs estimates. WBS helps in identifying projects activities and sub-activities, and the tasks and subtasks. Each activity or task must be equal to the sum of its sub-elements. A WBS helps allocate time for a specific activity, for instance, incase, 1.2.1 begins on a weekend the individual who was supposed to perform the task may be assigned another